Background: During ocular emergency early action is necessary to prevent severe and permanent damage to the eye. These emergencies put much weight to human suffering, long lasting disability and dependability. However, there is no published report on the patterns of these emergencies in Eritrea. Objective: To describe the pattern of ocular diseases presenting to the emergency department of Brhan Eye National Referral Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all the ocular emergent patients presenting to the emergency department in Brhan Eye National Referral Hospital during a period of February to April 2022.  A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total of 380 patients participated in this study. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26. Descriptive results were summarized using frequencies and percentages in tables and graphs. Results: Three hundred eight patients (380) with minimum age of 6 years to maximum of 86 years old were included in the study. In this study the highest number of patients who attend to the emergency department were Male 240(63.2%) and Female 140(36.8%) with a ratio of 1.7:1. From the total of all the subjects who attend to the emergency department males were most presented with trauma 136(77.7%) and females are less likely to be affected with trauma. The most common complaint was red eye 112(29.5%), followed by pain 73(19.3%), foreign body sensation 52(13.4%), in combination of red eye and pain 36(9.5%), decreased vision 28(6.8%), vision loss 18(4.7%), adnexal swelling 16(4.2%), discharge 12(3.2%), bleeding 11(2.9%), lacrimation 11(2.9%), headache 5(1.3%), flashes and floaters 4(1.1%) and also photophobia 4(1.1%). Conclusion: Ocular emergency consists of lots of cases which any of health personal can’t recognize easily that could predispose to blindness, not only ocular trauma (injury) but also endophthalmitis, Optic neuritis, retinal detachment, CRAO or CRVO, corneal ulcer, orbital cellulitis, Microbial keratitis, iritis, Uveitis, Angle closure glaucoma and vitreous hemorrhage. In most of the study done the non-emergent visits accounted for a significant proportion of eye-related emergencies visits. This finding provides us that the non-emergent cases were create a problem of time consuming, overcrowding and use of unnecessary resources.

Background: Teaching profession is once viewed as a ‘low stress occupation’ and they have been envied for tenure, light workloads, flexibility and other perks such as foreign trips for study and conference. However, some recent studies suggest that university faculty is among the most stressed occupational group. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the stress domain level among college instructors in Eritrea, to determine the coping mechanisms utilized, and to find the correlation between them. Methodology: The study was carried out using cross sectional descriptive co-relational study design from February to April 2022. Data was collected from a sample of academic staff in 4 major colleges of Eritrea with 2 different standardized questionnaires at different times convenient to the teachers. The data was scaled and leveled based on the questionnaires interpretation methods and scaling methods. The data was, then, analyzed by SPSS (version 22) and result was interpreted based on the objectives of the study. Result: The needed sample size was 222 college instructors, but 9 were designated missed so only 213 were present during the survey. Using the SPSS, the prevalence of stress and associated factors of stress, andregression with the coping strategies in relation to the determinant factors were analyzed. The prevalence of stress (49.3%) was high in those variables as part time lecturer: 12(80%), permanent post: 67 (49.6%), female: 13(80%), in patriate: 72(55.4%), 46-55 years of age 19(65.5%), HCAS: 28 (70%), and greater than 51 working hours 20(64.5%). As well as, other factors got high prevalence: increased work load over the last 2 years (60.6%) highly by a quarter (23%) and half (23%), and teaching new courses (40.4%). The correlation of the several factors associated with stress was found to have high adjusted odds ratio as: part-timers, colleges of HCAS and COS and detachment coping strategy. Conclusion: The present study provides an insight about the stressor and the coping strategies used by the college instructors in Eritrea. And the research has revealed that being a part timer, being in College of Education and in Hamelmalo College of Agricultural Science and using detachment to cope with stress has made it an independent determinants of stress in the study setting. So, researchers and policymakers must pay attention to careers of teachers to promote the quality of high education. It is also recommended that a further study to be conducted on a large scale to explore different work place stressors and to compare coping strategies against demographic variables.

Traditional medicine is the knowledge, skills and skills inherent in various cultures that are used to maintain health and prevent, diagnose, ameliorate, or treat physical and mental ailments, is practice. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an important example of how ancient accumulated knowledge is being applied to today's holistic approach to medicine. Andrographis (Andrographis paniculate) is a plant native to South Asian countries. Andrographis leaves and stems may stimulate the immune system. It may also prevent the influenza virus from attaching to cells in the body. Andrographis is commonly used for common colds, osteoarthritis, throat and tonsil infections and an intestinal disorder called ulcerative colitis. It is also used for many other conditions, but there is not enough scientific evidence for its other uses. Weak preliminary evidence suggests that Andrographis paniculata has anti-inflammatory, urinary tract anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, may regulate blood sugar levels and reduce jaundice. Preliminary phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins.

Introduction:A global pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease was developed in 2019, primarily affecting respiratory tract and causing asymptomatic subclinical infections up to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome that need hospital admittance to coronary care units (CCUs) and intensive care unit (ICU) where nursing care is required. Acute myocardial injury and arrhythmia may also occur, potentially contributing to inclusive illness and death in COVID-19 patients. Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is tropical illness that may happen in COVID-19 patients. Aim of the work: To investigate the effect of LBBB on quick-term death probability in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study on the incidence of LBBB in patients with COVID-19 in to bruk city. Study included both male and female samples, including all patients with LBBB (aged 37-82 years) those managed in CCU and ICU. Patients' records were collected from to bruk Medical Center inpatients - 42 total cases from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. All necessary basic information and data were obtained from medical records. Excel was used for data assortment and expressive study. Results: Our scientific work included 42 patients. Of these, 31 (74%) were male and 11 (26%) were female. Male gender is predominant on female gender as ratio 2.8:1. Patients' ages included at this work oscillated between 37 and 82 years (mean age; 59.5 years).The highest age group observed to have great pervasiveness of LBBB in COVID-19 patients was 50-59 years (38.1%). Conclusion: Left bundle branch block is taken into consideration to be the primary symptom in sufferers with COVID-19 infection. In addition, studies are wanted to explain the real mechanism and suitable treatment.

One industry that incorporates AI-based technology into its daily operations is the government sector. The use of AI in government settings has a lot of promise, but there are also a lot of obstacles that need to be removed. We analyse the degree to which organisational, technological and environmental processes have evolved and identify the ensuing issues in six scenarios using the TOE framework. As a result, by highlighting the obstacles to AI adoption in the public sector, such as concerns about personal data, this study closes a knowledge gap. The TOE framework's findings provide important guidance for streamlining AI integration processes, which will ultimately increase the use of AI more widely. But there are obstacles to overcome, like worries about data security and privacy, as well as concerns about reaching unfair choices.  With this study, we have established a foundation for thinking about possible medical uses of machine learning (ML). We have structured our discussion of the challenges associated with adopting machine learning (ML) in comparison to other technologies using the Non-adoption, Abandonment and Challenges to the Scale-Up, Spread and Sustainability of Health and Care Technologies (NASSS) paradigm.