The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on Social Functioning of patient with leprosy at selected hospital in Bangalore. In order to achieve the objectives, an evaluation research approach and pre experimental design was adopted and randomized sampling technique was used to select the samples. The study was conduct over a period of 3 weeks. The data were collected from 50 leprosy patients by using structured questionnaire.

Adolescence is a period regarded of stress and strain, storm and strike. This is the time when the individual undergoes tremendous changes both physically and mentally and psychologically, which requires lots of care affection guidance proper monitoring and motivation. Self esteem is the feeling that we are appropriate to life and to the requirement of life. Particularly self esteem is the one’s own confidence to lead a healthy life in present and future by both physically and mentally. Low self esteem become a noticeable problem in the mid eighties, and since then has carried a reduced response. In fact low self esteem has various destructive consequences and is a serious issue faced by majority of today’s youth. Writing therapy is a new way of healing, having been researched since 1970. It is currently the better form of healing psychological trauma because it enables ventilation of hidden emotional upheavals.

Informal caregiver and family caregiver are terms, that refers to unpaid individuals such as family members, friends and neighbours, who provide care. In Africa 2-5% of population suffers some form of mental or behavioural disorder. Around 1% has a serious form of mental disorder requiring urgent care at any one point of time. Not less than 10-15% of those attending general health facilities have a common mental disorder. There are around 400,000 wandering mentally ill persons in Africa. Present study to assess the care giver burden of care givers who take care of mentally ill clients. Materials and methods: Non-experimental descriptive design has used. 60 care givers have taken using convenient sampling method from St. Mary’s Neuro Psychiatric Hospital. This instrument was selected by the investigator with the help of various resources and review of literature. The questionnaire was prepared to assess the level of burden among care givers of clients with mental illness. The instrument consists of two parts Demographic variables and The Zarit Burden Interview (caregiver burden assessment scale). Results: Majority 34 (57%) of caregivers of clients with mental illness had mild level of burden and least 18 (30%) of caregivers had little burden. It is inferred that majority of caregivers of clients with mental illness had mild level of burden. Conclusion: The care givers felt little burden to take care of mentally ill clients. Even though the health professionals, especially mental health nurse have on important role to acknowledge the burden of caregivers. Such measures would ensure family well being for families with mentally ill patients.

Background: For almost all infants, breastfeeding remains the simplest, healthiest and least expensive feeding method that fulfills the infants' needs. Despite strong evidence in support of Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) for the first six months of life; its prevalence has remained low worldwide1. The aim of the study was to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding among lactating mothers in the selected health centers in Asmara, Eritrea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding among lactating mothers in the selected health centers in Asmara, Eritrea.139 lactating mothers were selected and information regarding their Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding obtained using a written data collection instrument containing closed ended questions were used to collect data. Results: The results of this study showed that 95.7% knew the correct duration of Exclusive Breast Feeding, give breast feeding on demand (63%, n=87), the overall result of Knowledge and Attitude was 79%, whereas 73.2% had Exclusively Breast Fed. Marital status (p=0.003) had significant association with Knowledge, child age (p=0.008), and mode of delivery (p=0.01) had significant association with Attitude. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBF found in this study was far below the WHO recommended prevalence of 90% demonstrating a wide gap between the desired and the actual practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding. This study adds additional evidence that Attitude of EBF, child’s age, religion and maternal age are important determinants of the practice of EBF. Beyond dissemination of health messages, health care professionals should pay more counseling attention to less educated husbands.

Zinc is necessary for various metabolic processes of the body. Since serum zinc levels are lowered in liver diseases, it has been postulated to be a precipitating factor for hepatic encephalopathy. Even in patients who are not zinc deficient, zinc administration has the potential to improve hyperammonemia by increasing the activity of ornithine transcarbamylase, an enzyme in the urea cycle. The subsequent increase in urea genesis results in the loss of ammonia ions. Researchers prospectively studied serum zinc levels in consecutive patients with fulminant hepatic failure, subacute hepatic failure and chronic liver disease with encephalopathy. Serum zinc levels were correlated with various clinical and biochemical parameters and final outcome of patients. The amount of serum zinc levels were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry at admission and also 24 hours after recovery in all the survivors. During the study it was observed that patients with hepatic encephalopathy had significantly lower serum zinc levels. High serum bilirubin levels and prothrombin time showed inverse relationship with serum zinc levels. There was no relationship of serum zinc levels with age, sex, grade and duration of encephalopathy, liver size or splenomegaly. Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with low serum zinc levels. Antioxidant and zinc supplementation can improve minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Additional studies are needed to establish the role of correcting hypozincemia to prevent worsening of cirrhosis and development of encephalopathy.

Background: Competency in neonatal resuscitation is critical in the delivery rooms, neonatology units and pediatric intensive care units to ensure the safety and health of neonates. Neonatal resuscitation is a set of interventions which requires good knowledge and skill from the part of the health provider. As the nursing students are much involved in the clinical setting in the care of patients due to a shortage of staff, it is important that they have the knowledge and skill to assist health professionals in times of need. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of information education communication in improving knowledge regarding neonatal resuscitation among nursing students. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 30third-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing students, chosen by a convenience sampling technique. A one group pre-test, post-test design was used, and data were collected by a structured questionnaire on neonatal resuscitation. Information Education Communication (IEC) was done, and the post-test was done with the same questionnaire. Results: The finding showed that the mean value post-test was 0.5 compared to a pre-test value 0.4 and the ‘t’ value was 6.2, which was statistically significant at P< 0.05 level. Conclusion: Information education communication was effective in improving the knowledge regarding neonatal resuscitation among the nursing students.

Background: Education about reproductive health should be an integral part of learning process beginning in childhood and continuing into adult life. Education and awareness of reproductive health in youth affects their health status, fertility and sets stage for health beyond reproductive years and affects the health of next generation. Reproductive Health covers a wide range of issues like pregnancy; Contraception and Family Planning; Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention. If adolescents can be sensitized about issues of reproductive health, it may contribute to reduction of unwanted pregnancies; reduction in the incidence of S.T.D.s and reduced maternal and infant mortality rates. Hence this study is the first in its type to assess the RH knowledge, attitude and practice of college students that can be used as a stepping stone for national studies. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of reproductive health among college of education degree students. Methodology: Across-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of reproductive health among college of education degree students in EIT Eritrea. Using Daniel’s formula, a sample of 230 students participated in the study and information regarding their Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of reproductive health obtained using a written data collection instrument containing closed ended and some open ended questions were used to collect data. Results: a total of 230 students participated in the study. Merely 29.2 % get information from sexual health education (life skill course), while only (3.4%) get from parents and siblings. Thirty six percent did not know the period during the menstrual cycle when pregnancy is most likely to occur. The researchers have found that most of the participants have heard about contraceptive methods even though the majority of the respondents had poor knowledge about the different contraceptive methods. None of the participants mentioned greater than four types of contraceptive methods and 14.8 % could not mention any at all. Majority of them rejected extramarital sexual practice; while on the other hand 35% of them have already started sexual practice. More importantly 83.40% never visited any health facility for services. Conclusion: this study revealed that there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge among CE degree students regarding RH-related issues; mismatch between attitudes toward sexual practices and personal sexual practice and a poor utilization of RH services which needs further assessment and intervention.

Background: According to the documents of Eritrean MoH, there was no comprehensive study conducted regarding the accessibility, preference and utilization of health message communication channels. There is lack of baseline information that is necessary to evaluate and improve the appropriateness of the channels regarding health information. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the accessibility, preference and utilization of health message communication channels among adult population of Asmara, Eritrea in 2018. Methodology: Multistage cluster sampling design was employed to select households for the study. Individuals aged 18-62 years who are mentally and physically healthy to respond were included as study participants. Data was collected using partially open ended questionnaire which was administered by the research team members and it was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Result: This study found out that television was the most accessible channel (97.1%) followed by radio (85%) and print media (77.4%). Coming to preference also, television was the most preferred channel (77.1%) followed by radio (54.5%) and health facility (54.1%). The results of channel utilization similarly identified television as the most utilized channel (88.5%) followed by radio and print media with 36% each. Conclusion: Television was found to be the most accessible, preferred and utilized channel for health message dissemination to the public. Moreover, the results of this study revealed that combination of channels was necessary to disseminate health information to the target population, because each channel was found to be accessible, preferred and utilized by different segments of the audience. Specific recommendations were forwarded based on the conclusion.

Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) Mabb from santalaceae family is a small tree of evergreen forests of different world region. It is common to sandy soil of Peninsular India, Western Ghats, South and Central Sahyadri and divine forests of coastal Kerala. Traditionally Scleropyrum is important for its different biological activities. Tribes of different region of the world are exploring the benfit. This study explains the anthelmintic activity of the bark of the Scleropyrum pentandrum. The aqueous extract, alcoholic extract and the crude drug were tested for the anthelmintic activity. Further study is necessary to isolate and elucidate its medicinally active components. Also studies are needed to evaluate each compound for its pharmacological identities.

The aim of this study was to find out correlation between balance, mobility and fear of fall in geriatrics. Sixty geriatric participants were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Balance and mobility was assessed using (CB and M Scale) Community balance and mobility scale. Fear of fall was assessed using (FES-I) Falls efficacy scale International. Spearman’s correlation test was done for correlation analysis. Spearman’s correlation showed strong negative correlation between balance, mobility and fear of fall (r = -.653; p<0.000) which is statistically significant. This study concluded that there is strong negative association present between balance, mobility and fear of fall in geriatrics hence a proper improved assessment of static, dynamic balance and advance balance and mobility could be added and accordingly the treatment could include advance balance and mobility improvement measures in geriatrics.