The aim of this study was to formulatethe baclofen conventional tablet in order to enhance its dissolution characteristics by using different excipients. The conventional tablet formulations of baclofen were formulated by using suitable different diluents and other excipients. The tablets are prepared by using direct compression method. The prepared tablets are evaluated in terms of their Precompression studies such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, carr’s Index and hausner’s ratio, Postcompression studies such as hardness test, thickness test, weight variation test, friability test and invitro study. All thebatches showed good to satisfactory of free flowingproperties, hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, and the values are within the pharmacopeia limit.The in vitro dissolution studies showed that the formulation FA-3 gave the maximum percentage of drug release (56.18%) with in 60 mints.
Twenty wistar rats of an average weight of 215g were used for the study and were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats in each group. Group A served as the control and received 71g of normal feed (growers mash), while the experimental groups B, C, D received 71g of normal feed with 5g, 10g and 15g of yaji respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 60 days (2 months) of administration of yaji. The result showed that the chronic consumption of yaji is harmful to the kidney causing a very slight glomerular congestion, slight hypertrophied glomeruli, stromal edema and lymphocytic cell aggregation.
This research was carried out to study the cranial capacity of students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus, Anambra state. The study was conducted on 500 students aged between 18 to 30 years (257 males and 243 females).The parameters required for the study such as cranial length, cranial breadth, auricular height, weight and height, were all obtained using standard anthropometric tools needed for the data collection. The collected data was recorded and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 and the results shown as scatter plots and regression lines. The cranial capacity was calculated using Lee and Pearson’s equation. The mean cranial capacity for males and females were 1636.33 ± 109.94 and 1632.59 ± 149.44 respectively. Positive correlations between cranial capacity and cranial dimensions were obtained. Linear regression model for the prediction of cranial capacity were formulated for both sexes. The result of the study showed that the value of cranial capacity with respect to the obtained cranial dimensions (cranial length, cranial width and auricular height) in males were all larger than that of the females with significant difference (P˂0.05) only to that of the cranial lengths. There is increase in cranial capacity with increase in age. The cranial capacity of males is larger than that of the females.
In a wide search program towards new and efficient antimicrobial agent chalcone has been synthesized by condensing benzaldehyde derivatives with acetophenone derivatives in dilute ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature according to Claisen Schmidt condensation. Then synthesized compound formulated and evaluated as enteric coated tablets to reduce the gastrointestinal tract side effects. Enteric coat was employed by using different polymers such as HPMC-55, Eudragit and Ethyl cellulose in different ratios. Formulation exhibited optimum dissolution, disintegration, hardness and friability properties. The antimicrobial activity of the novel products were evaluated by Filter Paper Disc diffusion Method. This study concluded that enteric coated tablets of chalcone can be prepared by using combination of polymers with optimum quality control parameters which ultimately reduces the GI tract side effects and retained its potency as antimicrobial agents.
Extraction is defined as the process of removing a substance or several substances from another substance. The process is extremely important in a wide range of technical applications, for instance biotechnology, the pharmaceutical and food industries as well as environmental protection. Extraction is a separating process which has the advantage of low energy consumption. Extraction is the process of separation of medicinally active substances of plant or animal from a mixture by a mechanical or chemical action such as by distillation or pressure. This separation is done with the help of dissolving one or more of the substances in a solvent in which it is easily soluble and is separated on the basis of their physical or chemical properties. Extraction is the withdrawing of a active agent or a waste substance from a solid or liquid mixture with a liquid solvent. The solvent is not or only partial miscible with the solid or the liquid. By intensive contact the active agent transfers from the solid or liquid mixture (raffinate) into the solvent (extract). After mixing the two phases are separated which happens either by gravity or centrifugal forces.
Developing countries are experiencing epidemiological transition from communicable to non communicable diseases. One of such non communicable diseases is hypertension, which has become a significant problem in many developing countries. The emergence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases as a public health problem in these countries is strongly related to the aging of the populations, urbanization and socio economic changes favoring sedentary habits, obesity, alcohol consumption, and salt intake, among others. Cardiovascular disease is responsible for about 23,800 deaths annually in the United Kingdom. Between 28% and 31% of adults in US have hypertension. Of this proportion, 90% to 95% have primary hypertension. The remaining 5% to 10% of this group have secondary hypertension. Hypertension is common worldwide and is now regarded as a major public health problem. Hypertension affects 600 million people worldwide. It is the most common cardiovascular disease in black Africans and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among Nigerians. The hypertension burden in terms of prevalence in Nigeria was put at between 10-12% using 1992 National Non-Communicable Disease Committee Survey report, but with changes in the criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension, it is expected that the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria is between 20 to 25%. This implies that with a population of 144 million nearly a 1/5 to 1/4 of Nigerians are hypertensive Age, sex, obesity, stress, and unhealthy lifestyles predispose one to hypertension. The paper therefore exposes various healthy lifestyles as appropriate diet and exercises through which health could be promoted and hypertension prevented.
This study aims to evaluate the quality of maternity care given to child bearing women by investigating their experiences/views towards the care they received in Edaga Hamus Hospital during antenatal, labour and birth and postnatal periods.The research design followed in this study was qualitative design. The data were collected using questionnaires. The evaluation shows that the majority of the respondents rated the overall care received as “very good”. The mothers were satisfied with the health promotion and information provided to them. Moreover, almost all of the respondents said that they were screened for urine, blood type and Rh factor, HIV/AIDS, and haemoglobin. It is also reported that the babies of the mothers has received the immunization they were supposed to get. This study has also revealed that the hospital has weaknesses such as: only 10% of the respondents were able to least 4-7 danger signs during pregnancy, the child bearing women were also less positive about their experiences of care towards taking shower or bath facilities during labour, only 40% of the respondents were visited by a health worker on the sixth day after delivery, none of them got postnatal checkup (physical examination) at six weeks and (54%) did not get iron folate after delivery. Shortage of midwives in the hospital was also identified in this study.